Person x and y have the following conversation:
x: I forgot how old your three kids are.
y: The product of their ages is 36.
x: I still don’t know their ages.
y: The sum of their ages is the same as your house number.
x: I still don’t know their ages.
y: The oldest one has red hair.
x: Now I know their ages!
Answer:
From the statement that the product of their ages is 36 the possibilities of the three individual ages are:
1,1,36
1,2,18
1,3,12
1,4,9
1,6,6
2,2,9
2,3,6
3,3,4
From the statement that the sum equals the house number it is
possible to eliminate all but two possibilities. The sums of the rest
are unique and would allow for an immediate answer. For example if the
house number were 16 the ages must be 1, 3, and 12.
The two remaining
possibilities are 2, 2, and 9; or 1, 6, and 6.
After the clue that the oldest has red hair you can eliminate 1, 6,
and 6 because the oldest two have the same age thus there is no oldest
son. The only remaining posibility is 2, 2, and 9.
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